Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0



Author-Name: Espen Villanger 

Author-Name: Anette Walstad Enes 

Title: The role of participation and empowerment in income and poverty dynamics in Indonesia 1993-2000

Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess whether living in a community that has a more democratic decision making system or in a society with a higher degree of participation and cooperation has any effect on household income changes and poverty reduction in Indonesia. Constructing an empowerment index and a participation index, we find that a household would have had a two percentage point higher income growth from 1993 to 2000 if it had been in a society with a high degree of cooperation compared to a society with the lowest degree of cooperation, if our results imply causality. This is substantial, since the average household per capita real income growth between 1993 and 2000 was 11 %. The participation index was found to be insignificant.



Length: 30 pages

Creation-Date: 2004

File-URL: https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/1918-the-role-of-participation-and-empowerment-in.pdf

File-Format: Application/pdf

Number: WP 2004: 13

Classification-JEL: 

Keywords: Household income

Poverty reduction

Indonesia

Handle: RePEc:chm:wpaper:wp2004-13