Upon request by the Norwegian embassy and the donors involved in the Malawi health SWAp, U4 organised a workshop in Malawi on corruption risk in the health sector. The workshop took place over 2 days; some 35 public officials, NGO representatives and donor staff participated. Among other things, participants discussed the role and limits of public financial management as an anti-corruption tool, examined alternative tools for reducing corruption in the procurement of medicines and considered the role of per diems, as a way to better understand incentive structures for health staff. Some of the topics discussed, particularly anti-corruption strategies for procurement of medicines, are being considered for future U4 publications.