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Local taxes represent less than 5 per cent of total tax revenues in Tanzania. However, the large number of these taxes, together with their unsatisfactory nature, means that their economic,...

Evidence from a number of quantitative studies on poverty in Namibia suggests that poverty is widespread, albeit unevenly distributed. The relatively high GDP per capita conceals wide income differentials by...

Heavy aid dependence can have significant effects on institutions and governance. In Botswana, Mauritius, Korea and Taiwan, high levels of aid reinforced local capacity, enabling them to 'graduate' from most...

Within Popo society in Pointe Noire, Congo, fishermen sell their fish to their wives at a price slightly below the local market price. The wives process the fish and re-sell...

The primary concern of this paper is to discuss the role of various economic factors in explaining corruption in tax administration. The emphasis is on how the incentive structure of...

This working paper was prepared for the workshop on "Aid and Humanitarian Assistance in Africa" in Arusha, 27-29 June, 1998, with financial support from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs....

This paper discusses recent conservation efforts in Northern Pakistan and the relevance of national parks as legal instruments in nature and wildlife conservation. Employing an extensive case-study approach the paper...

This study sheds light on some of the factors underlying tax compliance in local authorities in Tanzania with the help of original survey data. We use the experience of the...

The starting point of this paper is a universally observed tendency of common property to be replaced by private property in traditional agriculture. The paper seeks to explore the forces...

This paper explores possible strategic interactions between the state and local community in games of tropical forest land appropriation. Two key questions are addressed. First, how does the structure of...

This paper discusses recent conversation efforts in Northern Pakistan and the relevance of national parks as legal instruments in nature and wildlife conservation. Employing an extensive case study approach the...

This volume reproduces, with minor changes, a set of previously published papers on the history of the origins, formation and evolution of the contract labour system in Namibia from first...

In Ethiopia, with 85% of the population in agriculture, most of them illiterate, democratisation has to work against adverse experience: Peasants can refer back to democratic traditions on local level....

This evaluation of International Alert (IA) - an international NGO based in London, working to prevent and resolve conflict in developing countries and parts of the former Soviet Union -...

The primary concern of the paper is to discuss the role of various economic factors in explaining the mechanisms and degree of fiscal corruption and tax evasion in local governments...

Deforestation is a global environment concern, but the underlying processes vary across regions and countries. In Pakistan the threat to forests and biodiversity does not come primarily from local farmers,...

Questions of morality and ethics - good and evil - have not been anthropological favourites. Such issues have been addressed within certain applied environments as well as currently within American...