CMI Working Papers
CMI Working Paper | 1996
Income-generating programmes in Pakistand and Malawi: A comparative perspective
This paper reviews income-generating programmes in Pakistan and Malawi organised by the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC). It compares the different strategies chosen by the NRC regarding project design and the...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1996:3) 16 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1996
A discussion of three theoretical approaches to modernity: Understanding modernity as a global phenomenon
This paper compares the potential of three theories of modernity for explaining the current Islamist revival as an element of modernising Muslim societies. The theories discussed are rationalist fundamentalism as...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1996:2) 24 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1996
Institutional approaches to the study of international organisation
This paper gives an overview of changes and shifts in the study of international organisation and notes that research has gradually moved away from the study of de facto organisations...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1996:1)
CMI Working Paper | 1995
Valued-added taxation in Tanzania?
Is Tanzania ready for a value-added tax (V AT)? The purpose of this paper is to answer this and other related questions that are often asked about value-added taxation in...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:5) 27 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1995
Taxation and tax reforms in Tanzania: A survey
This paper reviews the tax system in Tanzania, and gives particular attention to the tax reform proposals presented in the Report of the Presidential Commission on Taxation. In considering the...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:4) 35 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1995
Land reforms and land degradation in Tanzania. Alternative economic approaches
This paper uses as a point of departure the extensive soil erosion problems in the highland area of Western Tanzania. The first part of the paper focuses on the ongoing...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:3)
CMI Working Paper | 1995
South Africa manufacturing industries catching up or falling behind?
This paper argues that intraindustry trade with developed countries is an important source of technology transfer, and creates incentives to climb up the learning curve. South Africa has an industrial...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:2) 40 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1995
Hard methods for soft policies. Environmental and social cost-benefit analysis
The quest for sustainability has put the conventional Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) technique under fierce attack. Much of the critique is, however, misplaced or based on misunderstandings. Alternative methodologies for project...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:1)
CMI Working Paper | 1994
Local government and decentralisation in Sub-Saharan Africa. An annotated bibliography
A renewed interest in local government and decentralisation in developing countries has emerged in recent years, and many students now turn to this subject. A substantial literature is already available,...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:5) 58 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1994
Do interest groups matter in economic policy- making? Reflections from a Zambian case study.
The current debate within development research strongly emphasise the role of interest groups in developing and sustaining democratic and liberal economic reforms. With this debate as its point of departure,...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:4)
CMI Working Paper | 1994
Shifting cultivation expansion and intensity of production: The open economy case
This paper studies decision making in shifting cultivation, in particular labour inputs, length of rotation or fallow period (intensity of production), and the agricultural frontier (expansion). Analytical models are developed,...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:3)
CMI Working Paper | 1994
Non-cooperation in fish exploitation. The case of irreversible capital investment in the Arcto- Norwegian cod fishery
A two-stage, two-player non-cooperative game model is developed under an irreversible capital investment assumption. The main aim is to predict the number of vessels that each player in such a...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:2) 24 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1994
Shifting cultivation and "deforestation". A study from Sumatra, Indonesia
About half of tropical deforestation is commonly explained by the expansion of traditional agriculture (shifting cultivation). This article first questions the share of responsibly assigned to traditional agriculture. Secondly, a...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:1)
CMI Working Paper | 1993
Individual choice under uncertainty
The first part of this paper gives an overview of the dominating approach within economic theory on individual decision making under uncertainty or risk - the expected utility (EU) theory....
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:4) 27 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1993
From policy guidelines to problem solving. A critical assessment of the National Conservation Strategies of Botswana and Zambia
This study focuses on the National Conservation Strategies of Botswana and Zambia. The strategies contain detailed elaborations about environmental problems, goals, means and implementation. The implementation of the NCSs depend...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:3) 61 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1993
Hvorfor har militæret fortsatt makten i Burma?
This paper seeks to explain why the military has remained in power in Burma after the country-wide uprising for democracy in 1988. It is argued that a theoretical approach has...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:2) 27 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1993
Macro-economic effects of development plan expenditures. A framework for analysis, with special reference to Uganda
Development plans are mainly concerned with the financial aspects of development projects, while the economic aspects are often neglected. This paper constructs a methodology for converting the information given in...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:1) 51 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1992
Migration, state and civil society in Southeast Asia
The paper was prepared for a conference on the impact of international migration on the security and stability of states, which was organised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Report M 1992:4) 24 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1992
Safeguarding the right to asylum
The paper was prepared for a UN Expert Group meeting in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, January 1993, in preparation for the 1994 World Conference on Population and Development. The paper analyses...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (Working paper M 1992:3) 42 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1992
Towards a comprehensive refugee policy: Conflict and refugees in the post-Cold War world
This study was prepared for a joint ILO/UNHCR meeting in Geneva, May 1992, on international aid strategies to reduce emigration pressures. The paper analyses the emerging structures of conflict in...
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Report M 1992:2) 32 p.