CMI Working Papers

CMI Working Paper | 1996

Income-generating programmes in Pakistand and Malawi: A comparative perspective

This paper reviews income-generating programmes in Pakistan and Malawi organised by the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC). It compares the different strategies chosen by the NRC regarding project design and the...
Are Knudsen and Kate Halvorsen (1996)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1996:3) 16 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1996

A discussion of three theoretical approaches to modernity: Understanding modernity as a global phenomenon

This paper compares the potential of three theories of modernity for explaining the current Islamist revival as an element of modernising Muslim societies. The theories discussed are rationalist fundamentalism as...
Marit Tjomsland (1996)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1996:2) 24 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1996

Institutional approaches to the study of international organisation

This paper gives an overview of changes and shifts in the study of international organisation and notes that research has gradually moved away from the study of de facto organisations...
Hugo Stokke (1996)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1996:1)
CMI Working Paper | 1995

Valued-added taxation in Tanzania?

Is Tanzania ready for a value-added tax (V AT)? The purpose of this paper is to answer this and other related questions that are often asked about value-added taxation in...
Odd-Helge Fjeldstad (1995)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:5) 27 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1995

Taxation and tax reforms in Tanzania: A survey

This paper reviews the tax system in Tanzania, and gives particular attention to the tax reform proposals presented in the Report of the Presidential Commission on Taxation. In considering the...
Odd-Helge Fjeldstad (1995)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:4) 35 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1995

Land reforms and land degradation in Tanzania. Alternative economic approaches

This paper uses as a point of departure the extensive soil erosion problems in the highland area of Western Tanzania. The first part of the paper focuses on the ongoing...
Arild Angelsen and Odd-Helge Fjeldstad (1995)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:3)
CMI Working Paper | 1995

South Africa manufacturing industries catching up or falling behind?

This paper argues that intraindustry trade with developed countries is an important source of technology transfer, and creates incentives to climb up the learning curve. South Africa has an industrial...
Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås (1995)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:2) 40 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1995

Hard methods for soft policies. Environmental and social cost-benefit analysis

The quest for sustainability has put the conventional Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) technique under fierce attack. Much of the critique is, however, misplaced or based on misunderstandings. Alternative methodologies for project...
Arild Angelsen and Ussif Rashid Sumaila (1995)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1995:1)
CMI Working Paper | 1994

Local government and decentralisation in Sub-Saharan Africa. An annotated bibliography

A renewed interest in local government and decentralisation in developing countries has emerged in recent years, and many students now turn to this subject. A substantial literature is already available,...
Kjetil Børhaug (1994)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:5) 58 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1994

Do interest groups matter in economic policy- making? Reflections from a Zambian case study.

The current debate within development research strongly emphasise the role of interest groups in developing and sustaining democratic and liberal economic reforms. With this debate as its point of departure,...
Lise Rakner (1994)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:4)
CMI Working Paper | 1994

Shifting cultivation expansion and intensity of production: The open economy case

This paper studies decision making in shifting cultivation, in particular labour inputs, length of rotation or fallow period (intensity of production), and the agricultural frontier (expansion). Analytical models are developed,...
Arild Angelsen (1994)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:3)
CMI Working Paper | 1994

Non-cooperation in fish exploitation. The case of irreversible capital investment in the Arcto- Norwegian cod fishery

A two-stage, two-player non-cooperative game model is developed under an irreversible capital investment assumption. The main aim is to predict the number of vessels that each player in such a...
Ussif Rashid Sumaila (1994)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:2) 24 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1994

Shifting cultivation and "deforestation". A study from Sumatra, Indonesia

About half of tropical deforestation is commonly explained by the expansion of traditional agriculture (shifting cultivation). This article first questions the share of responsibly assigned to traditional agriculture. Secondly, a...
Arild Angelsen (1994)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1994:1)
CMI Working Paper | 1993

Individual choice under uncertainty

The first part of this paper gives an overview of the dominating approach within economic theory on individual decision making under uncertainty or risk - the expected utility (EU) theory....
Arild Angelsen (1993)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:4) 27 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1993

From policy guidelines to problem solving. A critical assessment of the National Conservation Strategies of Botswana and Zambia

This study focuses on the National Conservation Strategies of Botswana and Zambia. The strategies contain detailed elaborations about environmental problems, goals, means and implementation. The implementation of the NCSs depend...
Kjetil Børhaug (1993)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:3) 61 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1993

Hvorfor har militæret fortsatt makten i Burma?

This paper seeks to explain why the military has remained in power in Burma after the country-wide uprising for democracy in 1988. It is argued that a theoretical approach has...
Andreas Danevad (1993)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:2) 27 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1993

Macro-economic effects of development plan expenditures. A framework for analysis, with special reference to Uganda

Development plans are mainly concerned with the financial aspects of development projects, while the economic aspects are often neglected. This paper constructs a methodology for converting the information given in...
Per Granberg (1993)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 1993:1) 51 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1992

Migration, state and civil society in Southeast Asia

The paper was prepared for a conference on the impact of international migration on the security and stability of states, which was organised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December...
Astri Suhrke (1992)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Report M 1992:4) 24 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1992

Safeguarding the right to asylum

The paper was prepared for a UN Expert Group meeting in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, January 1993, in preparation for the 1994 World Conference on Population and Development. The paper analyses...
Astri Suhrke (1992)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (Working paper M 1992:3) 42 p.
CMI Working Paper | 1992

Towards a comprehensive refugee policy: Conflict and refugees in the post-Cold War world

This study was prepared for a joint ILO/UNHCR meeting in Geneva, May 1992, on international aid strategies to reduce emigration pressures. The paper analyses the emerging structures of conflict in...
Astri Suhrke (1992)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Report M 1992:2) 32 p.