CMI Working Papers

CMI Working Paper | 2016

Civilian and Military Relations in Turkey: A Historical Survey

This CMI Working Paper presents an analysis of civilian-military relations in Turkey, casting light on institutional, legal and economic aspects that have shaped the military’s role in society. An assessment...
Acar Kutay (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:11) 32 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2016

Always choosing the oil rents: How leaders in Angola and Venezuela brought their countries to ruin

Angola and Venezuela are among the most oil dependent countries in the world. When oil prices fell in 2014, these states lost half of their income base. A combined economic,...
Leiv Marsteintredet, Aslak Orre (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:10) 28 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2016

How do voters respond to information on self-serving elite behaviour? Evidence from a randomized survey experiment in Tanzania

Does self-serving elite behaviour make citizens more politically active? This paper presents the results of a randomized field experiment where voters in Tanzania were given information about elite use of...
Ivar Kolstad, Arne Wiig (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:9) 28 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2016

The Armed Forces and the Economy in Latin America: Contemporary Trends and Implications for Civil-Military Relations.

This paper examines several cases of military economic activities that persist in Latin America, despite the political and economic liberalization processes that have been under way in the region for...
Kristina Mani (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:08) 28 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2016

«Nowadays there are shoot-outs all the time». Women, children, and Police Pacification Units (UPPs) in Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro.

Executive summary This CMI Working paper explores the implementation of the Brazilian government’s favela (shantytown) policing program, Unidades de Pacificacion Policiais (UPP) or The Pacifying Police Units, from the point of...
Iselin Åsedotter Strønen (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:7) 28 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2016

Local content requirements in the petroleum sector in Tanzania: A thorny road from inception to implementation?

Abstract Tanzania has recently discovered huge offshore natural gas fields. This has led the Government to develop local content policies (LCPs) to increase job and business opportunities for nationals in the...
Abel Kinyondo, Espen Villanger (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:6) 28 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2016

Should Tanzania establish a sovereign wealth fund?

Abstract Many natural resource abundant countries have established sovereign wealth funds as part of their strategy of managing the resource wealth. The paper looks into different arguments used as reasons to...
Ragnar Torvik (2016)
Bergen and Dar es Salaam: Chr. Michelsen Institute & REPOA (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:5) 18 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2016

“A Civil-Military Alliance”: The Venezuelan Armed Forces before and during the Chávez era

Executive summary When Hugo Chávez (1954–2013) came to power in Venezuela in 1998, the military was bestowed with a new—and controversial—role in society. Being a former career military himself, a central...
Iselin Åsedotter Strønen (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:4)
CMI Working Paper | 2016

Too big to fault? Effects of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize on Norwegian exports to China and foreign policy

Abstract  In October 2010, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel peace prize to Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo. The Chinese government responded by freezing political and economic relations with Norway, introducing...
Ivar Kolstad (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:03)
CMI Working Paper | 2016

Increasing trust in the bank to enhance savings: Experimental evidence from India

Recent evidence highlights the importance of trust in explaining bank account savings. According to economic theory, repeated interactions can play a crucial role in shaping trust. We designed the first...
Rahul Mehrotra, Vincent Somville, Lore vandewalle (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:02)
CMI Working Paper | 2016

“Not a single crack where the light can come in” Civil-military relations in contemporary Honduras

This CMI Working Paper draws from several years of research in Honduras, including a series of interviews in February 2015, to assess the relationship between civilian and military authority in...
Dr. Tyler Shipley (2016)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2016:1) 32 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Colonial legacy, state-building and the salience of ethnicity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ethnicity has received increased attention in studies of Africa's economic and institutional development. We present evidence on the long-term effects of Britain's "divide-and-rule" colonial strategy that deliberately fostered ethnic rivalries...
Merima Ali, Odd-Helge Fjeldstad, Boqian Jiang, Abdulaziz B. Shifa (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:16)
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Labor-intensive jobs for women and development: Intrahousehold welfare effects and its transmission channels

We examine the welfare impacts of women getting low-skilled jobs and find large positive effects, both at the household and the individual level. However, the women workers, their husbands and...
Tigabu D. Getahun, Espen Villanger (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:15)
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Servants of the nation, defenders of la patria: The Bolivarian Militia in Venezuela

In 2008, the government of now-deceased President Hugo Chávez in Venezuela passed a law creating what is known as the Bolivarian militia (Milicia Bolivariana), a reserve force composed by civilian...
Iselin Åsedotter Strønen (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:13) 27 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Building fiscal capacity in developing countries: Evidence on the role of information technology

Limited fiscal capacity poses a significant challenge in developing countries. To mitigate this challenge, the adoption of electronic tax systems has been at the forefront of tax reforms; however, there...
Merima Ali, Abdulaziz B. Shifa, Abebe Shimeles, Firew Woldeyes (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:12)
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Between mutual suspicion and fear. Civil-military relations in Mexico

This CMI Working Paper focuses on the relationship between the military, civilian governments and civilian populations in Mexico. It highlights key dynamics since the Mexican revolution (1910-1917) and up until...
Carlos Antonio Flores Pérez (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:11) 28 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Security and remilitarization in the name of democracy: The impact of global crime control policies in Honduras

During the past decade, the Honduran government has introduced hard-line security policies in order to reduce the alarming levels of crime and delinquency in the country. This CMI Working paper...
Lirio Gutierrez Rivera (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:10) 23 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Education and electoral participation: Reported versus actual voting behaviour

Using survey data of voters in Tanzania, this paper shows that while education does not affect self-reported voting in general elections, it increases actual voting. The less educated are more...
Ivar Kolstad and Arne Wiig (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:9) 12 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2015

Elite behaviour and citizen mobilization

This paper studies the relation between self-serving elite behaviour and citizen political participation. We use a fixed effects approach to analyze the association between portfolio investment in tax havens and...
Ivar Kolstad and Arne Wiig (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:8) 28 p.
CMI Working Paper | 2015

The Argentine Military in Democracy: Moving Beyond Issues of Civilian Control to a Citizen Soldier Paradigm

Argentina’s transition to democracy in 1983 ended decades of cyclical military interventions in politics. Since then a long and complex process of confrontation, incorporation, and, finally, subordination has established democratic...
Kristina Mani (2015)
Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Working Paper WP 2015:7) 30 p.